April 1, 2008
Items 1, 2, 3
CERTIFICATE OF APPROPRIATENESS
BOROUGH OF manhattan
08-4933, 08-4934, 08-4935 - Block 617, lot 55, Block 607, lot 1, Block 617, lot 1
20 7th Avenue, 1 7th Avenue, 76 Greenwich Street - Greenwich Village Historic District
A contemporary institutional building designed by Arthur A. Schiller and Albert Ledner and built in 1962-63. Application is to demolish the building and construct a new hospital building.
Two contemporary hospital buildings built circa 1980; a modern hospital building designed by Eggers and Higgins and built in 1961; a brick and limestone hospital building designed by Crow, Lewis and Wick and built in 1940-1941; two brick and limestone hospital buildings designed by Eggers and Higgins and built in 1946 and 1950; a brick and limestone hospital building designed by I.E. Ditmars and built in 1924; and a brick and limestone hospital building designed by Eggers and Higgins and built 1953-1954. Application is to demolish the buildings and construct townhouses and apartment buildings.
A brick building built in the mid-1980s and designed by Ferrenz and Taylor. Application is to alter the building and the surrounding landscape.
The Historic District Council is the advocate for New York City's designated historic districts and neighborhoods meriting preservation. Its Public Review Committee monitors proposed changes within historic districts and changes to individual landmarks and has reviewed the application now before the Commission.
Introduction
For decades the Historic Districts Council has reviewed and testified on Certificate of Appropriateness applications at the Landmarks Preservation Commission, projects ranging in scope from modifying a window opening to the demolition of a building and the construction of another in its place. This plan is the largest development proposal we have ever seen suggested in a designated New York City Historic District. HDC has grave concerns about this proposal – the massive, unprecedented amount of demolition requested as well as the out of character massing and design of the new construction – and what an approved plan would mean both to the Greenwich Village Historic District and the city’s 90 other historic districts.
In addition to these concerns there are other issues to consider including the blurring of the line between non-profit and for-profit ventures, of community facilities and private development. The practical needs of a community for an up-to-date medical facility and the need to preserve the city’s architectural heritage and a neighborhood’s character are also vital in this conversation. We are convinced that these last two matters are not mutually exclusive, and must work together for residents of this community and the city at large.
Proposed Demolition on the East Side of 7th Avenue
Eight structures, roughly half the block bounded by 7th Avenue, 6th Avenue, 12th Street, and 11th Street, are proposed for demolition. They range from a 1924 Nurses Residence to 1980’s LPC-approved pavilions, each one a piece of St. Vincent’s Hospital’s history. Six of these structures – the Nurses Residence, the Reiss Pavilion, and the Spellman, Cronin, Smith, and Raskob Buildings – exhibit an unusual level of detail and design for 20th-century institutional buildings, obviously built to complement the historic district, decades before the idea of an historic district was ever conceived.
These hospital buildings were designed to compliment, but be subservient to, the main structure – the now demolished Seton Building designed by Schickel & Ditmars in 1897. The buildings are primarily of brick with limestone bases and trim similar to Seton, the window openings similar scale and similar decorative detail can be found in door and window surrounds. In addition, the buildings’ material and scale compliment their non-medical neighbors. The Greenwich Village Historic District designation report described the south side of 12th Street, “There is a sameness in the design of the large hospital buildings and yet, in their use of brick and individual window openings, they harmonize, as a group, remarkably well with their neighbors.” Of the Nurses’ Residence, “It should be noted that one of these buildings near mid-block is set back above the second story, and had it been located in a row of town houses, would have blended remarkably well with them, as it does with those across the street.” (This is praise from a designation report that is not shy about criticizing other 20th-century building ventures with comments like “They are not designed to harmonize with their neighbors, in scale, detail or use of materials. A cursory look at the relatively harmonious apartment house of the Nineteen-twenties, which line Fifth Avenue, might have given the architect at least a clue as to how he might have achieved some degree of harmony when designing these buildings.” or “Obviously no design controls were exercised here, and the result is a building which in every way defies its surroundings.”)
HDC is opposed to the demolition of these buildings as they are vital pieces of Greenwich Village’s history and are part of the neighborhood’s character. They are residential in nature and could be readily adapted for residential use.
HDC could approve of the demolition of the Link and Coleman Pavilions. In 1979, LPC approved the demolition of the Seton Building, the last 19th century building on the St. Vincent’s Hospital Campus, and the construction of Link and Coleman. The newer buildings are sadly out-of-context with the district. In addition, they are not as readily adaptable to residential use as the other hospital buildings on this block. What is to go in their place is another matter of concern.
HDC would like to note the existence of the chapel annex of the Seton Building. A newspaper article from 1899 mentions the structure on the east end of the main building that contained a second floor chapel and “a spacious room on the first floor, to be devoted to community purposes.” While we are happy to hear that the chapel room may be moved to the new hospital building, we are concerned that more historic material exists than just the room – from Google Earth maps and a site visit it appears to still be an annex. HDC feels that what remains of the structure, the only link to the hospital’s 19th-century past, should be preserved.
Proposed Construction on the East Side of 7th Avenue
While the presentation claims the construction of new townhouses on 11th and 12th Streets will restore the low-scale, residential character of these streets, as the designation report indicates, this is not an issue in need of a solution. Additionally, at five stories tall, the proposed buildings are larger than the typical Greenwich Village townhouse, more along the lines of a tenement building. HDC believes that what belongs most in an historic district are structures that help tell the story of a community, and the existing, not the proposed, buildings do.
While we approve of the demolition of Link and Coleman, HDC does not approve of the proposed replacement. The two existing buildings were already larger than the 1899 hospital building demolished for their sake, and the proposed is now larger than them. This incremental increase in the size of buildings on this block is worrisome. HDC feels whatever is to be built should be no taller than what exists now.
Proposed Demolition on the O'Toole Building
There was some debate amongst HDC’s board over the O’Toole. Some felt it was out of context, not the best example of modernism, and could be demolished. Others felt strongly that the building’s size made it contextual on 7th Avenue and that it should be preserved as an example of modernism and a part of the design history of the Village. Still others, not necessarily fans of the building itself, felt uncomfortable demolishing a structure in an historic district described not unfavorably in its designation report.
Proposed Construction on the Site of the O'Toole Building
If a new building is to be built in a historic district, it must be more contextual than what it is replacing. This is not the case at the site of the O’Toole Building. The proposed is simply far too tall. At 330 feet, it would tower over the Avenue as the proposal illustrates. In addition, its elliptical shape, while interesting, is neither good for the hospital nor good for the neighborhood. If the aim of this whole project is to consolidate hospital functions in one building and space is an issue, a squared off floor plan would make much more sense. It would also allow for a shorter building, more in context with its surroundings. Also, the shape is not one found on buildings in the Greenwich Village Historic District.
Conclusion
In community meetings, this plan – massive demolition and the construction of out-of-scale buildings – has been presented as the only possibility. We believe strongly that it is not. While it may be the plan that will make the most money, it is not the plan that best serves the neighborhood or the historic district. The six historic hospital buildings on the east side of 7th Avenue should be restored and adapted for residential use, more contextual, residential buildings designed for the site of the Coleman and Link Pavilions, and a plan for a hospital building of proper size, massing and style, including the possibility of renovating the O’Toole building, be created.
Finally, HDC feels we must address references to this being a “green project”. Reusing an existing building is the greenest of projects. It does not require tons of building materials to be demolished, transported and dumped into landfills. Neither does it use the vast amounts of energy needed to create new materials, to transport them to the construction site, and to finally build a new structure. Most of the buildings proposed for demolition in order to build the residential project are residential in character and are excellent candidates for reuse. Beyond the basic tenants of preserving New York City’s historic districts, this can be an even “greener project.”